Energy and Change

 

3.1 Students collect data and make and test inferences to describe the effects of forces (including magnetic and electrostatic forces) on the motion and shape of objects.

3.2 Students identify forms of energy (including electrical and sound energy) and describe the effects and characteristics of those different forms.

Effects of forces:

·         attraction and repulsion caused by magnetic forces

·         electrostatic forces created by rubbing some non-metals with different fabrics

·         influence of magnetic forces on electric current

·         motion and shape of objects affected by gravitational forces — falling raindrops, planes

·         forces operating in liquids — floating, sinking

·         forces operating in simple machines

·         friction

·         cohesive and adhesive forces

Characteristics and effects of different forms of energy:

·         pushing a bike causes movement

·         water can be heated

·         musical instruments

·         wind-up toys, electrical appliances

·         circuits, batteries

·         insulation affects the rate at which ice melts

·         bouncing balls, elastic bands, springs

·         sound — vibration, volume, pitch, frequency, echo

·         food as a form of chemical energy

·         effects of applying heat to different substances — wax, plastic, plant or animal tissue

3.3 Students identify different ways of obtaining energy.

 

Types and sources of energy:

·         water, wind, fossil fuels, the sun

·         geothermal, electrostatic, nuclear generators

·         power stations

·         batteries (and associated circuits), generators

Energy storage:

·         hydro-electric dams, batteries, food